Aimé Argand designed a lamp with a hollow tubular wick and cylindrical glass chimney allowing air to pass both inside and outside the flame, drastically improving combustion, reducing smoke, and multiplying brightness compared to earlier solid-wick lamps. Patented in London in 1784, it became the standard mechanical basis of precision lighting for the following century; Łukasiewicz adopted its wick-and-chimney design when reformulating the lamp for crude-oil kerosene in 1853.