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Belle — Ken Thompson and Joe Condon

1980 AD · Transmission: Global
ComputingAIInventionNorth American

Developed by Ken Thompson (software, also Unix co-creator) and Joe Condon (hardware) at Bell Labs throughout the 1970s, Belle was the first chess computer with hardware dedicated exclusively to playing: specialized circuits for move generation, position evaluation, and a transposition table implemented in microcode with alpha-beta pruning. It won the 1980 World Computer Chess Championship in Linz and five ACM North American championships. In 1983 it reached a USCF rating of 2250, becoming the first machine in history to reach Master level. Belle's architecture was used as the basis for the initial designs of ChipTest, the project that would evolve directly into IBM Deep Blue.

InstitutionBell Telephone Laboratories
Historical regionUnited States
Primary sourceCondon, J.H., Thompson, K. — "Belle Chess Hardware", Advances in Computer Chess 3 (ed. M.R.B. Clarke), Pergamon Press, 1982
Secondary sourcechessprogramming.org — "Belle"; IEEE Spectrum — "In 1983, This Bell Labs Computer Was the First Machine to Become a Chess Master"
Original languageEnglish
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