Wikinventia — Atlas of discoveries and inventions · Industrial Age

The Daniell cell — stable, continuous electric current — John Frederic Daniell

1836 AD · Transmission: Global
MaterialsInventionBritish

John Frederic Daniell, a British chemist and meteorologist, the first professor of chemistry at King's College London, presents in 1836 to the Royal Society a new electrochemical cell design that solves the main defect of Volta's voltaic pile: polarization, that is, the buildup of hydrogen bubbles on the copper electrode that caused a rapid, progressive drop in voltage. The Daniell cell separates two electrolytes — copper sulfate and zinc sulfate — with a porous barrier, thereby maintaining a stable, constant electric current over extended periods. The final development of the design took Daniell roughly a decade of work, with documented influence from Michael Faraday and William Snow Harris in his scientific correspondence. The cell proves decisive for the development of electric telegraphy and experimental research in electricity for the rest of the 19th century; Daniell received the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1837 for it, its highest honor.

InstitutionKing's College, London
Historical regionUnited Kingdom
Primary sourceDaniell, J.F. — paper in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 1836
Secondary sourceEncyclopaedia Britannica — John Frederic Daniell; Engineering and Technology History Wiki — Daniell Cell
Original languageEnglish
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