In May 1981, at MIT's First Conference on Physics and Computation, Richard Feynman delivers "Simulating Physics with Computers" (published 1982): simulating a quantum system on a classical computer requires exponential resources, so only a computer operating by quantum-mechanical laws can efficiently simulate quantum systems. Feynman proposes no concrete design or algorithm — that comes with Deutsch (1985) and Shor (1994) — but establishes the foundational rationale for quantum computing as a field.