Jean Marius, a Parisian pouch-maker, obtains on 1 January 1710 a five-year royal privilege for his invention of the "folding pocket parasol-umbrella" — the parapluie brisé — a waterproofed green taffeta umbrella on a metal frame folding into three sections that could be stored in a pocket case. During his five-year monopoly, all umbrellas manufactured in France had to bear his mark. The Palais Galliera in Paris preserves two original examples from after 1715. Larger folding umbrellas had existed in Asia since antiquity; Marius's contribution is the portable miniaturization for individual use in Europe.