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Positional zero as placeholder — Maya mathematicians

~350 AD · Transmission: Parallel
MathematicsSystemDiscoveryMaya

The Maya develop zero (represented with a shell glyph) as a placeholder in their vigesimal (base-20) system. They use it in the Long Count calendar. It is one of only two known cases of independent invention of zero in history (the other being India). There was no transmission to other civilizations: the knowledge remained isolated and was partly destroyed by the Spanish conquest.

InstitutionMaya city-states (Quiriguá, Palenque, Tikal)
Historical regionMesoamerica (present-day Guatemala/Mexico)
Primary sourceStela C of Quiriguá (c.350-900 AD) — inscriptions with zero in Long Count. Dresden Codex (c.1200-1250)
Secondary sourceBatz, J.M. — "Nik: The Zero in Vigesimal Maya Mathematics" (Bulletin of the AAS, 2021); Coe, M.D. — The Maya (1966, Thames & Hudson)
Original languageMaya (glyphs)
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