Denis Papin (Chitenay, 1647 – London, c.1713), a French physicist and Huguenot refugee who collaborated with Huygens and Boyle, builds in 1679 the steam digester — a pressure cooker with a safety valve — and in 1690 publishes in Acta Eruditorum his description of a cylinder with a piston that rises through steam expansion and falls when the steam condenses, generating a partial vacuum. It is the first published description of the piston-cylinder-condensation cycle that structures all subsequent steam engines in the chain. Papin also designs in 1704 a paddle steamboat powered by his engine, but dies in poverty without having built a practical steam engine at scale. Newcomen incorporates Papin's atmospheric-piston principle without citing him.