Burton Richter, leading a team at the SPEAR accelerator at SLAC (Stanford), and Samuel Ting, leading a completely independent team at Brookhaven National Laboratory, detected in November 1974 — within days of each other and without mutual knowledge — a new subatomic particle with an unexpectedly high mass and an extraordinarily long lifetime by particle-physics standards. Ting's team names it the J particle; Richter's team names it the psi (ψ) particle; once it was confirmed that both groups had detected the same particle, the joint name J/psi was adopted. Its existence confirms the theoretical prediction of a fourth type of quark — the charm quark, proposed in 1970 by Sheldon Glashow, John Iliopoulos, and Luciano Maiani to resolve inconsistencies in the then-prevailing three-quark model. The discovery, known as the 'November revolution' in particle physics, is the decisive experimental confirmation that consolidates the quark model as the correct description of subatomic matter and paves the way for the complete formulation of the standard model of particle physics. Richter and Ting share the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976, just two years after the discovery — one of the shortest intervals between discovery and Nobel recognition in physics — in explicit recognition of the simultaneous, independent double discovery.