In 1988, Randall Saiki and colleagues at Cetus Corporation published in Science the integration of thermostable Taq polymerase into the PCR protocol, eliminating the need to manually add enzyme after each denaturation cycle. This step turned PCR from a laborious, semi-manual procedure into the fully automatable technique enabled by modern thermocyclers. The robustness and scalability of Taq-based PCR was the technical foundation of the Human Genome Project and contemporary molecular biology. The 1988 paper is one of the most cited in the history of biology.